NodeJS
Backend with NodeJS - Road_Map
Section 1: Introduction to Backend and Node.js
- Prerequisites#ClickME
-
What Is Backend & Client Server Architecture?
-
CLI vs GUI
-
What Is Node.js and What Is It Used For?
- Installing Node.js
- Running Our First Node.js Code
-
Why Do We Need Node.js and How Is It Different From JavaScript in
Browser?
-
A Brief History of Node.js
Section 2: Basics of Terminal
- Introduction to Terminal and Shell
- Basic Shell Commands (echo, pwd, whoami)
- Navigating the File System (cd)
- Listing Directory Contents (ls)
-
Creating, Copying, Moving, and Deleting Files and Directories
(touch, mkdir, cp, mv, rm, rmdir)
- Viewing and Editing Files with Commands (cat, nano, vim)
- What Is Prompt in Terminal?
- Configuring Our Terminal Using .bashrc File
- Using Aliases for Command Shortcuts (alias)
Section 3: Basics of OS
- What Is CPU, Processor, and Core?
- What Is OS and Kernel?
- What Is a Process?
- What Is Thread, Concurrency, and Parallelism?
- Can a Process Exist Without a Thread?
- Debugging Worker Threads
- What Is an Environment Variable?
- Setting and Using Environment Variables
- Installing Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
- Understanding the Path System: Windows vs. Linux Explained
- What are Executable Files?
- Managing File Permissions
- How Commands Get Executed?
- Important Methods and Properties of The Process Object
Section 4: Fundamentals of Node.js
- Module System in Node.js
- Common JS
- ES6 Modules
- What Is the Difference Between CJS and MJS?
- Why Different Module Systems?
- Different Types of Modules
- User Modules
- Native Modules
- NPM and NPM Modules
- What Is package.json
- Module Resolution
- Global vs Local Modules
- fs Module
- Character Encodings
- Making Our First CLI App
- Creating and Publishing NPM Modules
Section 5: EventsEmitters, Buffers, and Streams
- Introduction to Event-Driven Architecture
- The EventEmitter Class
- Creating and Emitting Events
- EventEmitter Methods
- Introduction to Buffers
- Creating and Allocating Buffers
- Reading and Writing Data in Buffers
- Manipulating Buffers
- Introduction to Streams
- Working with Readable Streams
- Working with Writable Streams
- Piping and Chaining Streams
- Transform Streams
- Handling Stream Errors
- Real-World Examples of Streams
Section 6: Basics of Computer Networking
- Introduction to Computer Networking
- Overview of Network Layers (OSI vs. TCP/IP)
- What Is MAC Address?
- What Is IP Address? (IPv4 and IPv6)
- TCP/IP Model and Protocol Suite
- TCP vs. UDP Protocol
- Sockets and Ports
- Port Numbers
- DNS (Domain Name System)
- HTTP/HTTPS Protocols
Section 7: Networking with Core Node.js Modules
- Overview of Networking Capabilities in Node.js
- Core Networking Modules of Node.js and Their Importance
- Introduction to dgram Module
- Setting Up a Basic UDP Server
- Understanding the Connectionless Nature of UDP
- Sending and Receiving Datagrams
- Introduction to net Module
- Setting Up a Basic TCP Server
- Handling Multiple Client Connections
-
Using Sockets and Understanding Their Role in TCP Communication
- Making Chat App Using TCP
- Practical Use Cases for UDP vs. TCP
- Introduction to http Module
- Setting Up a Basic HTTP Server
- Understanding Request and Response Objects
- Handling Different HTTP Methods (GET, POST, etc.)
- Parsing URL and Query Parameters
- Serving Static Files
- Handling File Uploads in Node.js
- Creating a REST API Using http Module
- A Brief Introduction of https Module
Section 8: Building RESTful CRUD APIs with Express.js
- What Is Express.js and Why Use It?
- Setting Up an Express.js Project
- Routing in Express.js
- Defining Routes and Route Parameters
- Handling Different HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
- Handling Form Submissions
- Handling Multiple File Uploads
- Storing and Accessing Uploaded Files
- Organizing Routes with express.Router
- Handling Dynamic Routes and Query Parameters
- Middleware in Express.js
- What Is Middleware and How Does It Work?
- Creating and Using Custom Middleware
- Third-Party Middleware (e.g., body-parser, cors)
- Error-Handling Middleware
- Introduction to REST API Principles
- Key Principles and Constraints of REST
- Designing RESTful Routes and Endpoints
- HTTP Methods and Status Codes in RESTful APIs
- Making Our APIs RESTful
Section 9: Mastering Database Management with MongoDB and Mongoose
- What Is a Database? Why Do We Need Databases?
-
Types of Databases: Relational (SQL) vs. Non-Relational (NoSQL)
- Overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS)
- Introduction to MongoDB
- Why Use NoSQL Databases?
- Setting Up MongoDB
- Working with MongoDB Library
- Getting Started with Mongoose (ORM)
- Connecting to a MongoDB Database with Mongoose
- Defining Mongoose Models and Schemas
- Understanding Schemas and Data Types in Mongoose
- Creating and Using Mongoose Models
- CRUD Operations with Mongoose
- Creating Documents in MongoDB with Mongoose
- Reading and Querying Data from MongoDB
- Updating Documents in MongoDB with Mongoose
- Deleting Documents from MongoDB
- Filtering and Sorting Data
- Populating References and Relationships
- Validation and Middleware in Mongoose
- Defining and Using Mongoose Schema Validation
- Error Handling in Mongoose
- Deploying MongoDB Applications
Section 10: Improving Our Codebase with MVC Architecture
- Introduction to MVC Architecture
- What Is MVC (Model-View-Controller)?
- Benefits of Using MVC in Web Applications
- Implementing MVC Architecture in Our Project
- A Glance at Templating Engines (e.g., EJS, Pug, etc.)
- Making Our Own Server-Side Rendering Solution
Section 11: Session Management, Login, and Authentication
- Understanding Sessions and Cookies
- Using Cookies for Persistent Sessions
- Basics of Authentication in Web Applications
- Creating a Login System with Session-Based Authentication
- Protecting Routes with Authentication Middleware
- Implementing Logout Functionality
- Introduction to Passport.js
- Setting Up Passport.js with Express.js
- Implementing Local Authentication Strategies
- Using Passport.js with Social Login (OAuth)
- OAuth and Third-Party Authentication
- Overview of OAuth and Its Flow
- Implementing Google, GitHub, and Other Third-Party Logins
- Managing Tokens and User Sessions
- Best Practices for Securing OAuth Integrations
Section 12: Securing Our Node.js Application
- Overview of Common Security Threats in Web Applications
- Importance of Security in Backend Development
- Protecting Against Common Vulnerabilities
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Understanding XSS Attacks
- Preventing XSS with Proper Input Sanitization and Escaping
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Understanding CSRF Attacks
- Implementing CSRF Protection in Express.js
- SQL Injection
- Understanding SQL Injection Attacks
-
Preventing SQL Injection with Parameterized Queries and ORM/ODM
Practices
- Protecting Your APIs with Rate Limiting and Throttling
- Using Environment Variables for Sensitive Configuration
Section 13: Deploying Node.js Applications and CI/CD
- Understanding the Deployment Process
- Setting Up a Production Environment
- Configuring Environment Variables
- Managing Secrets and Sensitive Data
- Basic Server Setup for Node.js
- Installing Node.js and npm on a Server
- Starting and Managing Node.js Processes with PM2
- Deploying to Cloud Platforms
- Deploying a Node.js App to AWS (EC2) and DigitalOcean
- Introduction to CI/CD
-
Understanding Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment
- Basic CI/CD Pipeline Setup
Section 14: Node.js Under the Hood
- Overview of Node.js Architecture
- Understanding the V8 JavaScript Engine
- Exploring the Node.js Source Code Repository
- What Is libuv and Its Role in Node.js?
- How libuv Handles Asynchronous I/O
- Exploring the Thread Pool in libuv
- What Is the Event Loop, and Why Is It Important?
- Phases of the Event Loop
- How Node.js Interacts with C++ Code
- Garbage Collection in V8
Section 15: Working with Child Processes in Node.js
- Introduction to Child Processes in Node.js
- Creating and Managing Child Processes
-
Using
child_process.spawn()
and
child_process.exec()
-
Key Differences and Use Cases for
spawn
and
exec
- Communication Between Parent and Child Processes
- Sending and Receiving Messages
- Handling Standard Input/Output (stdin, stdout, stderr)
- Handling Errors and Exits in Child Processes
- Managing Errors in Child Processes
- Implementing Retries and Handling Process Exits
- Real-World Use Cases for Child Processes
- Using Child Processes for CPU-Intensive Tasks
Section 16: Scaling Node.js Applications with Clustering
- Introduction to Clustering in Node.js
- Understanding the Need for Clustering
- How Clustering Works in Node.js
- Creating a Basic Cluster
-
Using the
cluster
Module to Create Worker Processes
-
Handling Worker Processes with the
cluster.fork()
Method
- Load Balancing with Clusters
- How Node.js Distributes Requests Across Worker Processes
- Monitoring and Restarting Failed Workers
- Scaling Beyond a Single Machine
-
Using Clustering in Conjunction with Load Balancers (e.g., Nginx)
- Optimizing Performance with Clustering
-
Best Practices for Scaling Node.js Applications Using Clustering
- Monitoring Cluster Performance
Section 17: Compression in Web Applications
- Understanding the Need for Compression
-
Overview of Common Compression Algorithms (Gzip, Brotli, Deflate)
- Choosing the Right Compression Algorithm for Your Application
- Using the
zlib
Module for Compression - Compressing and Decompressing Data Streams
- Benefits of Compressing HTTP Responses
- Impact of Compression on CPU and I/O Performance
- Balancing Compression Efficiency with Performance
Section 18: Multithreading in Node.js
- Introduction to Multithreading in Node.js
- Understanding Single-Threaded vs. Multi-Threaded Environments
- How Node.js Handles Concurrency with the Event Loop
- The Role of Worker Threads in Node.js
- Introduction to the
worker_threads
Module - When to Use Worker Threads in Node.js
- Creating and Managing Worker Threads
- Creating Worker Threads Using the
Worker
Class - Passing Data Between the Main Thread and Worker Threads
- Handling Messages and Events Between Threads
- Sharing Memory Between Threads
-
Understanding
SharedArrayBuffer
and Atomics
in Node.js
- Managing Shared Memory for Performance-Critical Applications
- Impact of Multithreading on Application Performance
- Optimizing Thread Usage for Maximum Efficiency
-
Combining Worker Threads with Other Concurrency Models (e.g.,
Clustering)
Section 19: Cryptography in Node.js
- Introduction to Cryptography in Node.js
- Overview of the
crypto
Module in Node.js - Hashing Data
- Creating Hashes Using Algorithms Like SHA-256
- Salting and Hashing Passwords for Secure Storage
- Encryption and Decryption
- Symmetric Encryption Using AES
- Asymmetric Encryption with RSA
-
Encrypting and Decrypting Data with the
crypto
Module
- Generating and Managing Keys
- Generating Random Keys and Initialization Vectors (IVs)
- Storing and Retrieving Encryption Keys Securely
- Digital Signatures and Verification
- Creating Digital Signatures
- Verifying Digital Signatures
- Implementing HTTPS in Node.js
- Setting Up HTTPS Servers Using the
https
Module - Using Certificates for Secure Data Transmission
- Best Practices for Cryptography in Node.js
- Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
- Ensuring Secure Key Management
Section 20: Real-Time Communication with WebSockets
- Introduction to WebSockets
- Understanding the WebSocket Protocol
- Use Cases for WebSockets in Modern Applications
- Setting Up WebSockets in Node.js
- Introduction to the
ws
Module - Installing and Configuring the
ws
Module - Creating a WebSocket Server
- Setting Up a Basic WebSocket Server in Node.js
- Handling Client Connections and Messages
- Working with WebSocket Clients
- Creating a WebSocket Client in Node.js
- Sending and Receiving Messages Between Server and Client
- Broadcasting Messages to Multiple Clients
- Implementing Message Broadcasting in WebSocket Servers
- Handling Multiple Client Connections
- Understanding the Security Risks of WebSockets
-
Implementing Authentication and Secure Connections with WebSockets
- Building a Real-Time Chat Application
- Implementing Real-Time Updates in a Web Application
- Best Practices for WebSockets in Production
- Handling Reconnections and Connection Failures
- Optimizing WebSocket Performance
Capstone Project: Building website from Scratch
- Introduction to the Course Hosting Platform Project
- Project Overview and Requirements
- Setting Up the Development Environment
- Building the User Authentication and Authorization System
- Implementing User Registration and Login
- Role-Based Access Control (Students vs. Creators)
- Creating the Course Management System
- Designing the Database Schema for Courses
- Implementing Creator Dashboards for Course Management
- Adding Course Content (Videos, Documents, Pricing)
- Course Categorization and Tagging
- Video Processing with ffmpeg
- Developing the Student Dashboard
- Implementing Course Purchase and Enrollment
- Tracking Student Progress in Courses
- Managing Student Profiles and Payment Methods
- Integrating Payment Systems
- Setting Up Payment Gateways (e.g., RazorPay, Stripe, PayPal)
- Handling Transactions and Purchase History
- Delivering Course Content Securely
-
Implementing Video Streaming and Content Security, DRM Protection
- Providing Downloadable Resources
- Building the Admin Panel
- Managing Users, Courses, and Transactions
- Monitoring Platform Analytics and Reports
- Search and Filtering Features
- Implementing Search Functionality for Courses
- Adding Filters by Category, Price, and Popularity
- Implementing Coupon Codes Functionality
- Adding Notifications and Alerts
- Implementing Email and In-App Notifications
- Managing Course Updates, New Courses, and Promotions
- Optimizing Performance and Scalability
- Ensuring the Platform Can Handle Large Numbers of Users
- Implementing Caching, Load Balancing, and Clustering
- Deploying the Platform to Production
- Deploying on Cloud Platforms (AWS)
- Managing Environment Variables and Secrets in Production
- Final Project Review and Launch Preparation
- Preparing the Platform for Launch
- Post-Launch Monitoring and Maintenance